Drier and pulverizer.



No. 67|,980. Patented Apr. I6, I90I.

' B. B. SNYDEB & J. J. SELDNER.

DRIER AND FULVERIZER.

(Application led Apr. 5, lll (No Model.) y 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

No. 67I,980. Patented Apr.- I6, i901; B. B. SNYDER &. J. J. SELDNER.

DRIEB AND PULVE'RIZER.

(Application led Apr. 5, 189B.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Tm: nonms PETERS co, Puorammo., wAsmnoYou. n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN B. SNYDER AND JONAS J. SELDNER, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

DRIER AND PU LVERIZER.

SPECIFICATION' forming part of Letters Patent No. 671,980, dated April16, 1901.

Application filed April 5. 1898. Serial No. 676,531. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, BENJAMIN B. SNYDER and J oNAs J. SELDNER, citizensof the United States, residing at the city of Baltimore, in the State ofMaryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Driersand Pulverizers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists in an apparatus for pulverizing and dryingfertilizers and other materials. The material to be operated on iscarried through the apparatus in an un# broken stream, being subjectedat all times to heat and to the action of screws and beaters, whichpulverize and feed it along toward the outlet. During the latter part ofthe process the material is subjected to rotary beaters and at the sametime to currents of heated air, which pass through the material while itis violently agitated, thus subjecting each particle to the action ofthe air and theroughly drying it.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the apparatus.Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, on the line 22 of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a section onV the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Figs. 4 and 5 are detailviews of the beaters. Figs. 6 and 7 are end and side views of a modifiedform of feeding and pulverizing device. Figs. 8 and 9 are details of thescrews and 14.

In the drawings, l indicates the outer casing of the drier, which, asshown, is rectan gular in plan and providedwith a semici'rcular troughor bottom 2. The material to be operated on enters a hopper 3 and is fedthrough a revolving cylinder 4 by means of a screw 5. The cylinder restson roller-bearings 6 and is turned by a gear 7.l The screw is turned,preferably in a direction opposite to that of the cylinder, by means ofa chain or belt 8. From the cylinder 4 the material is delivered to achute 9 and thence to a second cylinder 10, which is rotated by means ofa gear 11, the gears 7 and 11 being driven by a pinion 12 upon a mainshaft 13. The material is fed through the cylinder by a screw 14,rotated by means of a chain or belt 15, the belts 8 and 15 being drivenfrom the main shaft 13. The screws may, if desired, be driven by simplecontact with the cylinders instead of being positively driven; but bypositively driving the screws the material is less likely to accumulateand choke in the cylinders. Any number of cylinders and screws may beused. From the cylinder 10 the material is delivered through a chute 16tothe bottom of the casing, and it is conveyed along the bottom of thecasing to a delivery-chute 17 by means of beaters which are fast upon ashaft 18, which is driven from the main shaft 13 by a belt 19. Thebeaters are shown in detail in Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive. They consisteach of two partsa part 20, rigidly attached to the shaft 18, and ablade 2l, pivotally connected to the part 20, the face of the blade 21being slightly inclined in order to feed the material lengthwise of theshaft. The pivoted blades 2l are connected to the rigid parts 2O bypivots 22, which, as shown, arerods strung through the series of beatersincluded between the shaft-bearings. Instead of the rods the beatersmaybe provided with individual pivots, if desired. As shown, each parthas a hub 23, in which is an Octagonal opening 24, the part of the shaft18 within the casing being of the same section and fitting the openingsclosely.

The machine thus far described may be used without a heating apparatusfor pulverizing material, or the cylinders and screws may be used forthis purpose independently of the beaters. To eifect the drying of thematerial simultaneously with the pulverizing action, hot air or gasesare forced into the casing through a series of pipes-25. The partition26, which extends from the top of the casing down nearly to the beaters,directs the hot air around the cylinders 4 and l0 and thence downthrough the compartment 27 to one side of the beaters. The rotation ofthe beaters carries the air' around the bottom of the casing, under theshaft 18, and up into the compartment 28 upon the opposite side of thepartition 26. To render this circulation of the air more eective, thepartition 26 may be provided with an extension 29 to cause the air to bedischarged from the chamber 27 in a direction tangential to the movementof the beaters.

The air may be heated in any suitable manner. We prefer to use a furnace30 and to direct the products of combustion through the pipes 25 by aforced draft. As shown, the

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air is driven into the furnace by a blower 31 through a pipe having abranch 32, which discharges under the grate 36 of the furnace, and abranch 33, which discharges above the grate. By manipulating dampers 3435 in these pipes the temperature of the air and gases which aredelivered to the drier may be regulated. Vhen hot gases are required,the damper 35 is closed and the air is driven through the grate by meansof the pipe 32. When cooler gases are desired, pipe 32 is cut o and theair is driven through the pipe 33. The dainpers 34 35 may both be openat the saine time, and by regulating them the heat of the gasesdelivered to the drier can he very easily controlled. Furthermore,control of the gases is additionally effected by means of a valve 39 ina pipe 38, leading to a suitable chimney. By stopping the blower andopening the valve 39 the supply of the heat to the drier can becompletely cut off. In some instances the blower can be dispensed withand the necessary heat for the drier derived from natural draft.

The operation is as follows: The material is delivered into the hopper 3continuously while the machinery is in operation. The screws 5 and 14rest on the bottoms of the cylinders 4 and l0 and act as knives to cutand crush the material against the cylinders. If the cylinders werestationary, the crushing operation would not be so effective, and,furthermore, the cylinders would rapidly become worn at the point ofbearing ot' the screws. By rotating the cylinders the wear isdistributed throughout their circumference and their life is very muchprolonged. The cylinders and screws may be operated in the samedirection; but itis preferable to operate them in opposite directions.The material is delivered from the cylinder l0 into the bottom of thecasing, which bottom, as shown in 2l are free to swing backward in casean obstruction is in the way, such as a hard stone or other hard body,and breakage of the blades is thus prevented. The current of hot airwhich comes from the chamber 27 passes along with the beaters throughthe material in the trough 2. The beaters pulverize the material andtoss the particles into the chamber 28, and in this manner each particleis subjected many times to the action of the hot air which passes upthrough the chamber 28. The dried and pulverized material is finallydischarged through the chute 17, and the air from the chamber 28, ladenwith moisture, is discharged through the opening or chimney 37 at theend of the chamber 2S.

In Figs. 6 and 7 we have shown a grinding and feeding device which maybe substituted for the screws 5 and 14. This device comprises arevolving cylinder 4 and a screw consisting of sections 40, each sectionbeing provided with inclined teeth and grooves 4l. These screw-sectionsare in the form of heavy disks, having large circular openings 42,through which loosely passes a rod 43. disks rest on the bottom of thecylinder 4 and are driven by it. The rod 43 silnply serves to keep themin place and approximately in line; but it is small enough to permitindividual sections to rise and pass over obstructions. In operationthese disks 40 pulverize the material and feed it along substantially inthe same manner as do the screws 5 and 14. The disks 40 roll within thecylinders and are driven by them, the rods 43 being stationary.

rlhe screws 5 and 14 are preferably cast in sections, each containing ahalt-turn of the screw-blade, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The hubs ofthese sections have polygonal openings which fit over a shaft of similarcrosssection. The screws manufactured in this manner are very cheap anddurable and are easily repaired.

One of the principal features of our invention is the arrangement of thepartition 26, which directs the heated air and compels it to rotatealong with the beaters 21, thereby bringing the air into intimaterelation with the material to be operated on. This arrangement may beutilized in all forms of driers and also in evaporator-s for evaporatingliq uids of various kinds.

. Another feature of importance is the relative arrangement of thefeeding and pulverizing screw and its containing-cylinder. Ashereinbefore pointed out and as shown in the drawings, the screw restsor bears directly against the inner surface of the cylinder. The vbladesof the screw therefore act as knives to cut. entirely through and morethoroughly pulverize the materialintroduced into the cylinder than wouldbe possible if the screw were out of contact with the cylinder. Byhaving the screw arranged to bear directly against the cylinder-wall weare enabled to employ a long screw without being obliged to furnish aheavy and expensive shaft to support it. The screw-shaft can be madelight enough to permit it to spring upward and ride over substanceswhich are too hard to be immediately crushed by it, thus avoidingbreakage or straining of the parts. The material is minutely andeffectively pulverized as well as fed longitudinally of the cylinder byhaving the screw contact directly with the cylinder.

Having described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s-

1. In a grinding or pulverizing machine, the combination with acylinder, of afeeding and pulverizing screw arranged within and restingthroughout its length upon the cylinder, the diameter of the screw beingless than that of the interior of the cylinder so that it can moveradially thereof, and means for turning the cylinder.

The

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2. The combination with a rotatable cylinder, of a feeding andpulverizing screw of less diameter than the interior of the cylinder,arranged within and having a cutting periphery resting upon the bottomof the cylinder, and means for rotating said cylinder.

3. In a pulverizing and drying apparatus, the combination of a casing, acylinder extending longitudinally of the interior of said casing, meansfor supplying material to said cylinder, a pulverizing and feeding screwfor reducing and moving the material toward a discharge-opening in thecylinder, a rotary beater arranged in the casing below said cylinder andarranged to move material delivered from said cylinder longitudinally ofthe casing, and means for introducing heated gases into said casing.

4. In a pulverizing and drying apparatus, the combination of a casing,two cylinders eX- tending longitudinally of said casing, and

connected together at one end, asupply-hopper communicating with one ofsaid cylinders near its other end, a discharge spout or chute connectingthe other cylinder with the BENJ. B. SNYDER. JONAS J. SELDNER.

Witnesses:

WM. P. RIGGs, GEORGE KENT.

